Types of Roses to Grow
Roses provide our gardens with beautiful colors, fragrances, and more. But with so many varieties of roses to choose from, figuring out which ones to grow can be a challenge. First, ask yourself what is important to you in a rose. Among the ranking, characteristics are ease of care, fragrance, continuous flowering, and wildlife value. Then consider your garden conditions. Any rose will thrive if you have a location with full sun (six hours or more), rich soil, and mild winters. If not then don't worry. Some of the most beautiful and fragrant roses prefer shade, sand, marsh, and cool winters. This simple guide will help you find the right type of rose that checks every box on your list.
Different types of roses
One of the best ways to zero in on the type of roses you want to grow is to consider the classifications of the modern, old garden, and wild roses used by rose experts. Wild roses are as wild and unique as nature has created them. Modern and old garden roses are each divided into classes. Each of those classes has a different focus on specific traits.
Another way that rose experts and organizations like the American Rose Society create different types of roses is by dividing all roses into climbers, shrubs, and miniatures. For example, if you know a rose growing on the side of a building, this can be a useful starting point. Then you can narrow your choices down to a climbing rose. Among climbers, if you want something with a strong fragrance and continuous blooms, but you don't have full sun or great soil, you might consider a Noisette, an easy-to-grow class of climbers with these characteristics. If you love the colorful nature of Noisettes but live in a cooler area, the more difficult climbing polyantha may do better. If you want a short climbing rose with a great growing base and modern florist-style roses, you can choose hybrid teas or climbing versions of English roses.
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After you've thought about where to grow your roses and what your ideal rose characteristics are, take a look at these top types of roses to find the best rose varieties.
Modern Roses (1867 - Present)
Most of the rose varieties you see are modern. What distinguishes these types of roses from previous roses is how they were created: through precision breeding using a wide range of exotic rose parents. Modern roses represent improvements in color, cold hardiness, flower shape, fragrance, and growth habit. All the classes listed here usually bloom all season.
1. Hybrid tea roses
If you're looking for a long-stemmed rose that rolls elegantly from a pointed center, hybrid teas are for you. 'Peace' (shown here) is probably the most famous of them all. Its introduction after World War II firmly branded the class with the characteristics we expect today, including elegant shape and bold colors previously unheard of in roses. Many classic hybrid teas offer aromas with subtle citrus, honeysuckle, and gardenia notes. Plants generally require moderate to high maintenance in terms of regular fertilization, watering, pruning, and pest control.
2. Grandiflora
A large, bushy branch of hybrid teas, Grandiflora roses have a cluster of flowers on each stem instead of a single flower. They still offer bold colors and good-cut flowers, but add more color to the landscape and require less care. The first and still most popular of the group, 'Queen Elizabeth' (shown here), is ageless and nearly immortal—like its flower-loving namesake, Elizabeth II. You don't need to use grandifloras, but you won't want to avoid mulching or watering during long periods of drought.
3. Polyantha
This diverse group of roses is defined by dense, bushy growth, large clusters of small to medium flowers, and short to medium height. These types of roses require very little maintenance other than occasional pruning. In some cases, they can be cut like boxwood. In fact, polyanthas include some of the best roses for hedges, such as 'La Marne'. This variety is an all-time classic, care-free variety, and is one of the rare roses that can actually be pruned rather than pruned. Its beautiful, glossy foliage tolerates some shade and even drought.
4. Floribunda
The flowers of floribunda roses are usually much larger and showier than those of polyanthus. These cluster-flowered roses are bushier than hybrid teas, but not shrubs like polyanthus. Think of them as the Goldilocks of rose classes: not too big; Not too small; Correct. They're perfect for adding splashes of bright, modern color without requiring too much care. 'Sentimental' exemplifies the group: a swirl of red and white candy-cane-rose that instantly draws the eye and nose wherever you place it in the landscape.
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5. English and classic-style roses
English roses cover a fuller range of flower forms than other modern roses. They often resemble older roses in bloom and growth and modern roses in their color range and complex pedigree. Although they are increasingly considered a class of their own, English and other classic-style roses are still sometimes referred to as bush roses or floribundas. If you're looking for a fragrant garden of modern roses that can be fully manicured or left to go a little wild, these are the place to start. For example, 'St. Swithun' offers large, soft pink flowers with a distinctive herbal and candy scent.
Wild roses
If you want to grow a rose in sandy or boggy soil or create a natural planting or lawn, you can't beat wild roses. Only a few bloom repeatedly in a season like modern roses, so if you want to bloom all season, look to Rosa rugosa and its hybrids or the repeating swamp rose. In New England and Canada, you'll find natural rugosas on beaches or in traffic medians. You only need one look to remember rugosa's attractive leathery leaves and thick stems. However, it's probably best-loved for its pungent aroma of aged rose and cloves and its large vitamin C-packed hips. It is one of the few roses that is relatively unappealing to deer.
If you want to go native, go for the Repetitive Swamp Rose. It is similar to other native North American roses, except that it blooms repeatedly. The aroma is a strong old rose, it has some thorns, and above all, red foliage in autumn. Unlike all other roses, it thrives in moist soil and shade.
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