How to propagate plants by seeds

Horticultural secrets: how to propagate plants by seeds

The most common way for plants to reproduce in nature is by seed falling to the ground or being carried by the wind, water, and birds. Seeds, they are called in most fruits. Plant reproduction by seed is found in most plants, vegetables, ornamental plants, aromatic plants, and fruit trees. This helps maintain our favorite plant species and at the same time reduces the cost of creating plants. Each seed has a germinating embryo when it is exposed to moisture, temperature, and oxygen. The endosperm and cotyledons of the seed contain nutrients that help in embryonic development in the early stages until it forms the root system and leaves.

Depending on the plant and the crop, there may be more efficient, easier, or faster-breeding methods. So let's look in detail at how to collect and store seeds, what to focus on seed germination, how to help seed germination, and useful tips for creating vibrant and healthy plants in the garden and pot.

1. How to collect and store plant seeds?

To collect seeds from the plants we like and store them until planting, we follow the steps below: From the plants, we want to propagate, we collect the seeds or fruits of the flowers and fruits after they have matured or dried. To keep the seeds from germinating or rotting, they need to lose moisture. So let the seeds dry on parchment paper before storing. Store the seeds in glass jars, aluminum cans, or special nylon bags, which are sealed to prevent contact with air. To ensure that the seeds do not germinate, place a little rice in jars or cans to absorb moisture. We indicate the type and type of plant, location, and date of collection of seeds with a sticker. We should plant the seeds in a dark place, without moisture, at a low temperature, or in the refrigerator.

2. How long does it take for seeds to germinate?

Seed germination depends on its species and variety. Some seeds germinate in a few days like rocket seeds, some seeds like pepper germinate in 1-2 weeks, while some seeds like pine or cedar seeds take several months to germinate and give new plants.

3. Why do some seeds not germinate?

The specific soil moisture, oxygen, and temperature for each seed should break the seed dormancy and germinate quickly. Seed germination or germination is often delayed due to various reasons such as lack of moisture, high humidity, low temperature, and high planting depth.

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4. How do we help seeds to germinate?

Improving the entry of moisture and oxygen from the seed coat to the inside, thus allowing the embryo to germinate faster. Here are some techniques we can use to get the seeds out of laziness:

a) Set aside the seeds with a sharp knife, being careful not to damage the embryo.

b) Scrape the seeds with sandpaper to reduce the thickness of the envelope.

c) Heat the seeds to 70 C, leave them in water for 12 hours, and then transplant.

d) Place the seeds in a damp cloth for 24 hours before planting.

e) Place the seeds in the freezer for 2 months and then plant in the moist sandy bottom substrate.

5. How to plant seeds to create new plants?

Propagation of plants by seeds can be done by sowing directly in the field or by sowing in a flower-vegetable bed and transplanting it into the soil as soon as it grows into a young plant.

To plant the seeds to create new plants, we follow the following steps:

We usually plant the seeds in a timely manner in spring and autumn so that the temperature and humidity conditions are favorable for seed germination and plant growth. We provide high-quality topsoil in the garden fluffy soil or seed planting pots for them to germinate easily and grow the root system of new plants. Place the seeds in the soil to a depth equal to 2-3 times the diameter of the plant seed. We water the soil carefully to avoid excess moisture as there is a risk of seeds rotting and not germinating. If we plant the seeds in nursery pots, after the seeds have germinated we will gradually move the pots to a place where there is enough light to ensure vibrant and healthy plants.

6. And a secret to the reproduction of plants with seeds

The multiplication of plants with seeds (seeds) does not give the plants the kind of fruit we took the seed and planted. This can be a problem, especially for fruit trees and at some stage of growth, we need to vaccinate them with the desired variety.